Understanding Kennel Cough: Can Humans Get It?

Kennel cough is a term that many pet owners know. It refers to a contagious respiratory disease affecting dogs. This disease can cause a lot of concern among dog owners, especially in environments like kennels or dog parks. But what about humans? Can people get kennel ? This article will explore the ins and outs of kennel cough, its symptoms, causes, treatment, and the risk it poses to humans.

What Is Kennel Cough?

Definition and Overview

Kennel cough, medically known as infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious disease that affects dogs. The condition causes inflammation in a dog’s airways. It often leads to a dry, hacking cough. Many dog owners notice this cough, especially after their pet has been in contact with other dogs. The disease spreads easily, especially in places where many dogs gather, like kennels, dog parks, or training classes.

Cause of Kennel Cough

Kennel cough can have multiple causes. The most common culprits are bacteria and viruses. One of the primary bacteria responsible for kennel cough is Bordetella bronchiseptica. Dogs can also contract various viruses that contribute to the illness. These include the canine parainfluenza virus and adenoviruses.

Dogs can get kennel cough through direct contact with infected dogs. They can also contract it through airborne droplets when an infected dog coughs or sneezes. The disease spreads rapidly in close quarters, which is why it is so prevalent in kennels.

Symptoms to Look For

The primary symptom of kennel cough is a dry, persistent cough. The cough is often described as a “honking” sound. You may observe other signs like a runny nose, sneezing, lethargy, and a mild fever. In most cases, dogs remain alert and eat normally, despite their cough.

While kennel cough is generally not severe, it can lead to complications. Older dogs, puppies, or dogs with existing health issues may experience more severe symptoms. In these cases, the infection can progress to pneumonia or other respiratory conditions that may require veterinary intervention.

The Pathogens Behind Kennel Cough: What You Should Know

Kennel cough is caused by several different pathogens, including viruses and bacteria. Understanding the different types of pathogens involved helps explain why the disease is so easily transmissible among dogs, and why humans are generally not at risk.

Bordetella Bronchiseptica: The Main Culprit

Bordetella bronchiseptica is the primary bacterium responsible for kennel cough. This bacterium affects the upper respiratory tract of dogs, causing inflammation in the trachea and bronchi. Bordetella bronchiseptica is highly contagious among dogs, especially in environments where dogs are in close contact, such as kennels, shelters, or even at dog parks.

While Bordetella bronchiseptica can affect other animals, including cats, rabbits, and certain livestock, it is not typically known to infect humans. The bacterium’s main host is the dog, and it does not adapt well to human physiology. As a result, Bordetella bronchiseptica is not considered a human health risk under normal circumstances.

However, as mentioned earlier, Bordetella bronchiseptica has been known to cause rare infections in humans, particularly in people with compromised immune systems. These cases are exceedingly rare, and most healthy individuals are not at risk. The infection, when it does occur, typically causes mild respiratory symptoms such as coughing or a runny nose, similar to a cold or flu.

Other Pathogens: Viruses and Secondary Infections

In addition to Bordetella bronchiseptica, kennel cough can be caused by several viral infections, such as parainfluenza virus and adenovirus type 2. These viruses primarily infect dogs and lead to similar symptoms of coughing and nasal discharge. While these viruses can spread easily among dogs, they do not pose a significant risk to humans.

In rare cases, dogs infected with kennel cough may develop secondary bacterial infections, such as pneumonia, which can complicate recovery. However, these secondary infections typically affect only the dog and do not have the ability to spread to humans.

The Importance of Protecting Your Pet

Even though humans are not at risk for contracting kennel cough directly from infected dogs, the disease still represents a significant health risk for your pet. It can cause discomfort, lead to more serious complications, and result in costly veterinary bills if not treated promptly.

In order to protect your pet, it is crucial to ensure that they are vaccinated against kennel cough. Vaccines are available for some of the pathogens responsible for the condition, particularly Bordetella bronchiseptica and parainfluenza virus. Vaccination can help reduce the severity of the disease and lower the chances of transmission. If you are unsure about your pet’s vaccination status, consult your veterinarian for advice on the best preventive measures.

How Is Kennel Cough Diagnosed?

Visiting the Veterinarian

If you suspect your dog has kennel cough, it’s essential to visit a veterinarian. The vet will usually perform a physical examination and take a history of the dog’s symptoms. They may also inquire about recent activities, such as visits to dog parks or kennels, or contact with other dogs.

Tests for Confirmation

While most veterinarians can diagnose kennel cough based on symptoms and history alone, they may perform additional tests for confirmation. Blood tests or X-rays can help rule out other issues. These tests are particularly important if the dog shows severe symptoms or has existing health concerns.

Treatment Options for Kennel Cough

Home Care

Most cases of kennel cough are mild and resolve on their own. You can help your dog recover at home. Provide a warm and comfortable resting place. Encourage your dog to stay hydrated. You can offer them warm water or add broth to their food.

Limit your dog’s activity until they feel better. Avoid taking them to places where they could infect other dogs. Isolate them from other pets if possible. Keep in mind that the cough may linger even after other symptoms have disappeared.

Veterinary Treatment

If your dog’s symptoms are severe, your vet may prescribe cough suppressants or anti-inflammatory medications. In some cases, antibiotics may be necessary if a secondary bacterial infection develops. Follow your vet’s instructions closely and complete the entire course of any medication provided. 

Can Humans Get Kennel Cough?

Understanding the Risk

The main question many pet owners ask is whether kennel cough can affect humans. The short answer is no. Kennel cough is specific to dogs and does not transmit to humans. The bacteria and viruses primarily causing kennel cough affect canine respiratory systems only.

Common Misunderstandings

However, some people might misunderstand this information. They may worry about catching kennel cough after spending time with their dogs or in dog-friendly environments. It’s essential to clarify that while dogs can easily spread the disease among themselves, humans are not at risk.

That said, certain infectious agents that contribute to kennel cough, like Bordetella bronchiseptica, can infect other types of animals, including cats. However, the transmission does not occur between dogs and humans.

Prevention of Kennel Cough

Vaccination

Vaccination is one of the best ways to prevent kennel cough. Veterinarians often recommend vaccines that protect against Bordetella bronchiseptica and other contributing viruses. If you often take your dog to kennels or social events, vaccination is crucial.

Good Hygiene Practices

Good hygiene practices also play a significant role in preventing kennel cough. Make sure to clean your dog’s living environment regularly. Wash bedding, toys, and any items your dog frequently comes in contact with.

If you notice that a pet has kennel cough, it’s essential to avoid letting your dog interact with them. This practice helps reduce the chances of your dog contracting the illness.

Conclusion

In summary, kennel cough is a common and highly contagious respiratory disease that affects dogs. While it can be concerning for pet owners, it is essential to understand that kennel cough does not pose a risk to humans. By being aware of the symptoms, treatments, and preventive measures, dog owners can help keep their pets healthy and minimize the spread of this illness. If you have any concerns about your dog’s health or notice persistent coughing, always consult your veterinarian for advice.

Through careful observation and responsible pet ownership, you can navigate the challenges of kennel cough while ensuring your dog’s well-being. The risks associated with kennel cough can be managed effectively, knowing that the disease is specific to dogs and not transmissible to humans.